Copyright: Copyright © Corel Corporation Limited. 1996, 1997.   Thursday, August 07, 1997 16:29:09. All Rights Reserved.
Citation: Copyright © Corel Corporation Limited. 1996, 1997. All Rights Reserved.


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Visual Elements

Using the right illustration can help you explain your ideas and help your readers understand your meaning more precisely.

Use borders, fills, and graphic lines to guide the reader's eye over the page, distinguish different sections, and emphasize parts of the document.

If you plan to send this document to your readers in electronic format, you can also add sound clips and audio-visual files.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Graphics

Watermark

Shapes

Graphics Lines

Charts

Decorative Text

Borders and Fills

Multimedia


Graphics

When you insert a Clipart image, it appears in a predefined figure box. Inserting an image from a graphics file (a bitmap, .wpg, or other type of image) places the image in your document at the default size for that type of image.

After you insert the image, use the mouse and editing handles to size and position it on the page. You can also choose a border, decide how text should wrap around the image, and anchor the image to the page or paragraph where it appears.


Charts

Add data charts, organization charts, and equations to quickly and graphically convey information that would be confusing or overly complicated to explain in words.

When you insert a data chart or organization chart, it appears in a predefined box. After you insert the chart, use the mouse and editing handles to size and position it on the page. You can also choose a border, decide how text should wrap around the image, anchor the chart to the page or paragraph where it appears, and add a caption.

The Equation Editor makes sure you use the correct syntax for your equation, and format it correctly after you type in the variables, commands, and other elements.


Decorative Text

Use words, phrases, and paragraphs with distinctive visual appearances as headings, decoration, and for emphasis.

 Drop Cap

 Rotated Text

 Reversed Text

 TextArt

Most decorative text simply consists of words inside an individual text box, to which you can apply different attributes, rotations, coloration, and other characteristics. You can position rotated text, reversed text, and TextArt anywhere in your document. Drop caps are always associated with a particular paragraph, and you can use drop caps in multiple paragraphs in a document.


Multimedia Effects

If you plan to send this document to your readers in electronic format, you can also add sound clips and audio-visual files. You must set up sound and video drivers on your computer in order to play sound and video files.

Sound and video files can appear as icons or as objects in your document. Your readers can play them by double-clicking them.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Sound Clips

Objects


Collaborate

It is often helpful to get others' opinions on a document before you send it to a wider audience. E-mail the document to friends, coworkers, and editors for comments. The Review Document feature makes it easy for each person to redline, highlight, and comment on your text. Use Document Compare to gather all the selected changes. If you need to keep multiple copies of the same file, use Corel Versions to archive each one for easy reference later.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Review Documents

Add Comments

Compare Documents

E-Mail

Document Summary


Finish

When you have written, edited, and made sure that a document is ready to distribute, you have several options. You can save it to disk, fax it to others, and even publish it electronically for posting on the World Wide Web.

Save

Update References

Print

Fax

Publish to HTML

Publish to Corel Barista


Fax

Use a coversheet when you send faxes to let the recipients know who the fax is for, who it is from, how many pages the fax is, and other important information. It is often helpful to create a fax coversheet and print copies of it to keep by the fax machine for immediate use.

You can also create an electronic copy of the fax coversheet by saving the coversheet file. You can then insert it before the first page of a document and fax both the coversheet and the document directly from Corel WordPerfect without having to print it first.

When you finish designing and personalizing the fax coversheet, check the spelling and grammar in the fax, and print it or send it with a document. You can also save it as a QuickTask so you can quickly create a similar coversheet in the future.

Designing a Fax Coversheet

Choose a look that fits the tone and style you want to convey with the fax. Remember that a fax machine cannot print with the same high quality as an office laser printer. As a result, graphics can appear jagged and fonts smaller than 12 points can become unreadable. A 14-point font is usually most legible.

Rather than simply scanning the company letter head and using the same size of logo and type on the fax cover sheet, redesign the letterhead in a larger type with black and white graphics.

Here are a few suggestions for items you can include on your fax coversheet:

Company logo. Add a logo to customize your fax coversheet. Consider simplifying company logos and graphics images to black and white. Gray shades take longer to transmit and often the faxed gray image does not look as good as a black-and-white image.

Company slogan. Inserting the company slogan can catch your customer's eye when you are sending items such as new product announcements or special offers.

Company or personal information. Include your company or personal address, phone number, and other contact information. Avoid placing this information at the bottom of the fax. If the transmission gets cut off and only a partial page is sent, the recipient will not know how to contact you.

Date. Because a fax typically transmits timely information, it's important to include the date the fax was sent.

From. Be sure to include who the fax is from. Avoid placing your information at the bottom of the fax. If the transmission gets cut off and only a partial page is sent, the recipient will not know how to contact you.

Message area. If your message is brief (only half of a page or so), you can save paper and phone costs by inserting the message on the cover sheet itself.

Number of pages in the fax. Placing a notation telling the number of pages on the first page of the fax is important. Without it, recipients have no way of knowing whether they received all of the information.

Title. Fax cover sheets often include the title "Fax" or "Facsimile." You don't need to have a title, however. If it came out of the fax machine it is obviously a fax.

To. Be sure to include who the fax is for. The purpose of the fax cover sheet is to convey routing information. Make it clear who should receive the fax. A bold cover sheet can help make sure the fax reaches the correct person when several people use the same fax machine.

Sending Faxes Electronically

You can save paper and time by sending a fax directly from your computer if you have a modem and a fax driver installed. There are also free and for-fee services that allow you to send faxes through the Internet that print at the recipient's fax machine. If you are attached to a local network, check with your system administrator for information on how to send a fax from your computer. You can also create the cover sheet, print the document, and take it to a stand-alone fax machine.


Brochure

Corel WordPerfect makes it easy for you to create tri-fold brochures quickly and easily. Brochures generally fall into three main categories: Corporate Information, Product Information, and simply Information.

The keys to a successful brochures are 1) interesting, substantial information, and 2) careful, logical organization. Give your readers good information value in return for their reading. Remember to organize your information well. Make your brochure eye-catching and informative. Do not use too many elements in a panel, and make sure you leave plenty of white space around your information.

Use an eye-catching graphic and title font on the cover of your brochure to engage the reader's attention, and use a mixture of graphical elements (white space, drawings, graphics, and so on) to lead the eye through your brochure.

If you want to mail your brochure to many different people, use Merge to quickly address the mailers. Be sure to proofread your brochure before you send it, to make sure you catch any formatting, text, or organizational errors before you send it to others. If you are using preprinted paper, make a photocopy of the paper and use it to make a test printing of your brochure so you can figure out which way to insert the specialized paper.

Here are some suggestions for items you can include in your brochure:

Address block. Include the address of your company or home on your brochures when you want your readers to respond. You can also format the brochures as 3-fold mailers so you can send them through the post. Be sure to include all the necessary information (office numbers, "attention" lines, country codes, and so on), and make the address block easy to read.

Body. Add your information to the body of the brochure. Organize it carefully so that one point flows into the next easily. Use a tone appropriate to the audience and purpose of the brochure. Give useful information, not just filler.

Headers, footers, and page numbers. Add headers and footers to repeat your slogan, the name of your company, or any other information you want to emphasize. The headers and footers repeat on the top and bottom of each page of the brochure, inside the page border. After you type the header or footer text, you can choose fonts, justifications, and other appearance options. You can also add a page number and position it on each page.

Logo. Add your logo to the front page of the brochure to help identify your company. If you do not have a logo file or want to add another graphic, you can choose an image from the extensive collection of Clipart.

Page border. Adding a page border helps your readers distinguish between pages in the brochure. A border can also emphasize a certain page, and add decoration to the title page. Choose your page border carefully so that it adds to your brochure instead of making it look cluttered and difficult to read.

Questionnaire. When you need to gather information from your readers (their names, professions, addresses, phone numbers, arrival dates, number of guests, preferences, and so on), use a questionnaire. You can place the questionnaire anywhere in your brochure, though it is usually on the last page.

Schedule block. If your brochure is advertising an event such as a conference, a series of classes, or other occasion, you may want to include a schedule. Be sure to include both the times and activities.

Subtitle. Add a subtitle to the title page of your brochure. The subtitle can help explain the title, give extra information, or even be your company's motto or the theme for an event. Use a smaller font than the title to help distinguish the subtitle.

Title. Add a title to catch your reader's attention, explain what the brochure is about, and so on. If you use an attention-getting title rather than an informative one, you may want to add an explanatory subtitle. Use a large font for the title to make sure it stands out.

Related Concepts


Corporate Brochures

Corporate brochures are simply annual reports condensed down to brief form, with all time-sensitive material taken out. They can include content such as the name of the company, the company’s business and office locations, the company’s ranking among like businesses, a list of products, company policies and/or actions on environmental issues, the organizational structure, personnel information and biographical sketches, numbers of employees, market information, market share, stock information, company achievements, charitable contributions, awards and recognitions, sales information, research and development efforts, company history and background, employee benefits, quality assurance programs, and future plans.

Related Concepts


Product Brochure

Product information brochures showcase certain products or services, from new software programs to ocean cruises to a series of lectures in a seminar. They can include content such as the name of the company and product, ways and reasons to use the product, benefits the customer can expect from using the product, the product's features, options packages, pricing information, fees and terms schedules, technical specifications, information about product support (warranties, help lines, and so on), testimonials from clients, client lists, sales contact information, ordering information, schedules for classes, biographical information about speakers or sales people, tuition rates, deadlines for registration, and so on.

Related Concepts


Informational Brochure

Informational brochures are designed to spread ideas or information. They can include any content you need to put in them, from tips on handling stress to interesting holiday recipes.

Related Concepts


Sign

A sign is a one-page, simply formatted sheet that readers can easily see from a distance. Use signs to advertise, post notices, mark rooms, and much more. You can choose from a variety of predesigned signs, or create an original one for anything you need to say.

Adding borders, graphics, and watermarks can help make your sign more eye-catching. Using TextArt to reshape the message on your sign also adds interest and excitement. Be careful not to clutter or distort your sign too much, however, since you want it to be easy to read.

Keep the message on a sign simple and easily readable from a distance. Choose a font and color that emphasize the message of the sign and that fits easily on the page but is large enough to be easily read. You may need to resize your text if the font is too large to fit on the page.

Print your sign on stiff paper to give it more strength.  If you are printing on colored paper, choose a text color that stands out well against the background.


Agenda

An agenda is a list or plan of the things you want to discuss and accomplish in a meeting. Use an agenda to help you organize, plan, and conduct efficient, useful meetings.

Design an agenda that is easy to scan by leaving plenty of white space, grouping like items, and listing time, subject, and location information at the top of the sheet. Use a predefined agenda form, or create your own agenda using elements you choose.

Prior to the meeting, it is a good idea to send the agenda to those you plan to invite. This allows them time to prepare to discuss the items on the agenda. List the discussion topics and information clearly so that everyone attending the meeting can begin at the same level. After the meeting, type up notes, minutes, action items, attendance, and other information for the next meeting.

Always include the meeting title, the date, times, and locations. It is also a good idea to include a list of discussion topics and presenters. Here are a few suggestions for items you can include on your agenda:

Action items from the last meeting. Have those assigned report on how much progress they have made, what information they found, and so on. You can format this list with bullets or numbers.

Additional information. Add data, information, arguments, and other information related to discussion items, the presenters' speeches, the meeting goals, general announcements for the attendees, upcoming events, and so on. Format this section as a list or as a series of paragraphs.

Attendees list. Leave a space to fill in the names of those attending the meeting. You will need to do this after the meeting, or during the roll call.

Call to Order. Put this item onto the agenda if your organization uses an official start-of-meeting call. You can also add the name of the person conducting.

Company/organization name. Type in the name of your company, organization, department, or whatever best fits the meeting you are conducting.

Date. Type in the date the meeting is to take place. You can also insert a date code that shows the current date each time you open, print, or save the agenda file.

Discussion items. List items you want to discuss in the meeting. You may want to add a paragraph after each one explaining the background, pertinent facts, and considerations.

Goals for the meeting. List what you want to accomplish or cover in this meeting. Be very specific, so that everyone understands what issues to focus on.

Minutes of the last meeting. Put this item onto the agenda if your organization has an officer read or enter the minutes of the last meeting. You can also add the name of the person reading the minutes.

Notes space. Leave space for attendees to take notes at the bottom of the page.

Place. Type in the location where the meeting will be held. This may be a conference room, someone's office, or even a street address for an off-site meeting. Be sure to give all the directions necessary to help everyone find the meeting in good time.

Presenters and subjects. List the scheduled speakers or presenters for the meeting and what they will speak about. You can also show the time allotted for each presenter.

Roll call. Put this item onto the agenda if your organization uses an official roll-call of attendees. You can also add the name of the person reading the roll call.

Start and end times. Type in the time when the meeting begins and how long the meeting will go. Be sure to start the meeting on time and end promptly.

Title of the meeting. Type in the title of your meeting, such as "Promotions Team Meeting," "Windstorm Project Review," and so on. Make the title stand out from the agenda so it is easily seen and read.


Business Plan

A Business Plan helps you organize all the information about your company, including its purpose, history, operations, marketing, and financial status. You need to create a business plan to guide you in starting a new business, but it is also an excellent tool for reminding you of your goals, core competence, and strategy. Keep your business plan updated and refer to it frequently to help make your business a success.

Your business plan represents your company on paper. If you are starting a new business, your business plan makes the first impression on loan officers, possible contributors, and others whom you want to impress. Keep the layout professional, clear, and pleasing to the eye.

Carefully select the sections you want to put in the Business Plan. Be sure to include the information relevant to your business. Add other sections if you need to use them.

Once you have finished your business plan, make sure you proofread it carefully for formatting, spelling, and other factors. Since your business plan is the roadmap you want to follow to make your business a success, you should keep it confidential.

Title Page

Table of Contents

Purpose Statement

Executive Summary

Business Information

Personal Financial Statement

Business Description

Business History

Personnel and Organization

Marketing Information

Market Analysis

Market Research

Competitors

Market Segments

Target Market

Marketing Mix Strategy

Products/Services

Promotions

Distribution

Pricing

Suppliers

Marketing Goals

Financial Information

Use of Loan Money

Start-Up Costs

Profit and Loss Statement

Cash Flow Statement

Balance Sheets

Revenue vs. Costs

Financial Projections

Assumptions

Growth Projections

Financial Projections

Appendices


Title Page

Include the name and address of your business, the title of the plan, the date, and the version number. Make the title distinct and easily read. You can also add your logo, a watermark, or other graphics image to add interest.


Table of Contents

Include a table of contents page so your readers can rapidly find the information they are looking for. You need to mark the headings you want to include in the table of contents before you can generate it. For more information, see To mark text for a table of contents.


Purpose Statement

State the purpose of your business. Briefly explain what products and services you intend to provide, and so on. Give a list of your goals for the business, with measurable, definite outcomes. Explain how you will measure your progress on each goal.

If you are starting a business and need to borrow money, state how much capital you have, the amount of loan money you need, how long you will need to pay the loan, the purpose of the loan, the results of the loan, and the collateral you are putting up.


Executive Summary

Give a brief, concise overview of your business plan, including the company's name, location, history, management, products, growth projections, and so on. Give the name, address, phone number, fax number, and e-mail address of a contact person inside your company.


Business Information

In this section of your business plan, you will give an overview of your business. Give your company's name and location. Describe the building. State the nature of the business and what kind of business it is. Give the date the company will be open for business. List the names of the owners and how to contact them.


Personal Financial Statement

If you are starting a business, briefly explain your current finances. You may need to include the last 3 years' tax returns and a credit report.


Business Description

Give a detailed account of your business. List and explain the positive aspects of your business that will help you succeed.

List the hours your business will be open. Give a brief overview of how you see daily operations running. Explain your accounting processes and quality-control systems. The types of information you will include depend on what kind of business you have.

If you are running a manufacturing business, describe the processes you use, how efficiently or completely you use equipment, and what kinds of work your employees will do (assembly line, single-piece work, and so on). Include a floor plan and layout of your offices and manufacturing plant. List the products you intend to produce, with a brief description of each.

If you are running a retail business, project the volume of sales in your store. Explain how you use floor space, and include a floor plan of the store. Describe the business (outlet, boutique, department store, and so on). Briefly review your inventory and stock-control systems.

If you are running a wholesale business, list the suppliers and retailers you plan to work with, and how. Give the capacity and use of warehouse space and equipment. Include a floor plan and layout of the warehouse and offices. Explain your shipping and inventory control systems.

If you are running a service business, explain what services you provide and how. Describe where your services are available, and any restrictions. Include a map of the geographic area, and tell how complete the coverage is. List any equipment (vans, tools, and so on) you and/or your employees use when providing the service.

If you are running a construction business, list and describe the types of jobs you do. List and give a brief background history on any subcontractors or companies you work with.


Business History

Give a history of your business. Who founded it and when? Why? Give the purchase or startup prices and reasons. Explain the market growth or sales trends that made this business possible.


Personnel and Organization

Create an overview of the organization of your business. List your employees, their job descriptions, and their qualifications. You may want to include employees' resumes. Explain your training and advancement programs. List departments, divisions, and so on, with responsibilities and numbers of employees in each one.


Marketing Information

This is a section of your business plan. Describe the market your business competes in and your strategy for competing. Fill this in completely, as it can help you keep your goals in mind as you proceed with your business.


Market Analysis

Give concrete information about the market you intend to compete in: current situations, trends, projections.


Market Research

Explain the market research you have done for each product and/or service you intend to provide. Give and explain industry analysis, customer information, and market share.


Competitors

Give the names, locations, sales, and market share of your competitors in this market. List the competition's strengths and weaknesses. List your company's strengths and weaknesses, and the advantages your business has.


Market Segments

Describe the market segments you plan to compete in. Give the demographics, geographical areas, and other information about the customers you want. Match your products' features to the customers' needs and wants.


Target Market

State the primary market you want to compete in. Give the demographics, geographical areas, and other information about the customers in that market. Describe and profile the businesses you want to sell to.


Marketing Mix Strategy

Give a narrative description of how you intend to market your products. List the different marketing methods and how much you will rely on each one. List each product or service and how much you will market it. Include a data chart showing the percentages of each marketing method compared to the entire effort.


Products/Services

List what you will sell. Describe customer service plans, market positioning, inventory control, and quality standards for each product or service.


Promotions

Explain how you will promote your business. List the types of advertising you will use (media, direct sales, sale promotions, publicity campaigns, and so on). Include a few sample scripts for radio or television commercials, designs for print advertisements, and other materials that show how your planned promotions will look.


Distribution

Explain how you plan to distribute your products or services. Will you use direct distribution? An established channel? Give facts about your business site--location, parking, security and so on. Give a floor plan of a store or warehouse. Identify any resellers, retailers, wholesalers, or suppliers you plan to work with.


Pricing

Explain your overall pricing policy. Estimate the average purchase amount. Describe sales terms and conditions. Explain any credit plans you intend to offer.


Suppliers

List the name, location, product, amount, and agreements you have with each of your suppliers.


Marketing Goals

Give a list of your marketing goals for the business, with measurable, definite outcomes. Explain how you plan to measure your progress toward each goal.


Financial Information

This section of your business plan describes the financial aspects of your business, including start-up costs and loan use (for beginning businesses), profits and losses, cash flow, and more. You should include a current balance sheet and other legal financial documents if necessary.


Use of Loan Money

If you are starting a business and giving this plan to the loan company, be sure to include information about how you intend to use the loan money: equipment, inventory, salaries, rent, facilities, and so on.


Start-Up Costs

Explain the costs of starting the business. Give the amount of capital you put into the business, and where it came from.


Profit and Loss Statement

Attach a detailed profit and loss statement. Explain sales, cost of goods, operating expenses, and so on, that contributed to profits and losses.


Cash Flow Statement

Attach a detailed statement of cash flow in any business accounts. Show the beginning balance, sources of income, expenditures, and ending balances.


Balance Sheets

Attach current balance sheets. Explain current assets, fixed assets, liabilities, and equity.


Revenue vs. Costs

List fixed and variable expenses against your income. Analyze how much you need to make to cover your costs.


Financial Projections

Make financial predictions based on your company's current performance and your marketing and business plans for the future.


Assumptions

List and explain what you based your projections on (economic and market trends, competitors' actions, new products, and so on). Be sure to explain what you took for granted as you began your projections.


Growth Projections

Give areas of growth, estimates of the extent of growth, and factors influencing growth. List both internal (personnel, divisions, new products) and external growth (new markets, increased sales, geographic spread).


Financial Projections

Project your financial status for 1-4 years, including sales, income, debts, and expenses. You may want to break your projections down by market, product, geographic area, and so on.


Appendices

Attach any balance sheets, resumes, spreadsheets, and so on.


Annual Report

Publishing an Annual Report lets you tell your customers, employees, and investors about your business in the past year. It should be quite comprehensive, giving you a chance to discuss your history, goals, accomplishments, profits, expenditures, stock profile, future plans, and much more. Create an attractive, informative annual report to summarize how your business performed. Be sure to include useful, interesting information and to choose an attractive, appropriate layout and format.

Your Annual Report represents you, your company, and your ideas to your stockholders. Keep the layout professional, clear, and pleasing to the eye. Some companies prefer more graphically intensive formats, while others produce more straightforward, simple documents. Add or delete formatting elements to best represent your company.

Carefully select the sections you want to put in the Annual Report. Be sure to include the information relevant to your idea, team, and project. Add other sections if you need to use them.

Once you have finished your Annual Report, make sure you proofread it carefully for formatting, spelling, and other factors. Be sure to print your annual report on high-quality paper with a laser printer, or have it printed by a professional printing service. If you wish, you can also make a copy of your annual report in HTML format so you can publish it on the World Wide Web.

Cover

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Letter from the CEO

Mission or Vision Statement

Company Description

Historical Background

Objectives for Next Year

Trends and Opportunities

Company Status

Management

Organization

Employee Information

Product Information

Territorial Information

Stock Performance Information

Financial Highlights

Balance Sheets


Cover

Include the title, the year, the company name, and the company's logo, motto, and/or slogan. Make the title distinct and easily read. You can also add a watermark or other graphics image to add interest.


Table of Contents

Include a table of contents page so your readers can rapidly find the information they are looking for. You need to mark entries for the table of contents before you can generate it.


Executive Summary

Give a brief summary of your Annual Report, mentioning each point you plan to cover in the body of the document.


Letter from the CEO

Include a letter from the head of the company to the stockholders, employees, and customers. Include his or her name and title, as well as the date. The letter should contain a brief pep-talk, an overview of policies, and references to the direction for the next year. Add a watermark of the company logo behind the letter to give it an official touch.


Mission or Vision Statement

Insert the mission and/or vision statement of your company. These statements give direction to your efforts and help define your identity as a business.


Company Description

Briefly describe your company. What do you do? Where are you located? How long have you been in business? What do you produce? What kinds of charity or public works are your involved in?


Historical Background

Talk about who founded the company, where, how long ago, what it was founded to do, how much it has grown or diversified since the beginning.


Objectives for Next Year

List and explain in detail your objectives and goals for the next year: what you will accomplish, how, and when. Be sure to write definite, concrete, measurable goals and to include the criteria for judging whether you have met your goals.


Trends and Opportunities

List and explain the trends you see in the current marketplace, and how you plan to take advantage of the opportunities they provide. Relate these to your goals.


Company Status

Review the current status of the company. What are your strengths and weaknesses? How will you overcome your weaknesses? Who are your competitors and how are you doing compared to them? What market share do your products or services command? How will you improve that? What effects have market trends had on your company and your business?


Management

Give basic biographical information about the management team in your company. Include names, titles, and other relevant information. You can also include scanned photographs of each person.


Organization

Explain your company's overall organization. Then describe each department, section, or division in your company along with their responsibilities, purpose, and achievements.


Employee Information

Give a brief overview of your employees' achievements, responsibilities, and qualifications. You could also highlight certain employees with short biographies to give your readers a sense of personal connection with the company.


Product Information

Describe the products and/or services your company provides. Explain how the older products did in the past year, and highlight the new products your company developed.


Territorial Information

Explain how your business succeeded or failed in the different regions, states, territories, and countries your business competes in. Note any new areas your business is expanding into, or those from which you are withdrawing.


Stock Performance Information

Review how well or badly your stock performed in the last year. Include highs, lows, volume, and overall ratings.


Financial Highlights

Briefly review your company's financial status. Include information about revenue, expense, equity, interest, assets, debts, and other important numbers. You may also attach a more detailed spreadsheet.


Balance Sheets

Attach the current company balance sheets, with explanations.


Marketing Plan

A Marketing Plan helps you organize all the information you need to carry out effective marketing efforts. It is also an excellent tool for reminding you of your goals, core competence, and strategy. Keep your marketing plan updated and refer to it frequently to help make your business a success.

Your marketing plan represents your marketing department on paper. Keep the layout professional, clear, and pleasing to the eye.

Carefully select the sections you want to put in the Marketing Plan. Be sure to include the information relevant to your business. Add other sections if you need to use them.

Once you have finished your marketing plan, make sure you proofread it carefully for formatting, spelling, and other factors. Since your marketing plan is the roadmap you want to follow to make your business a success, you should keep it confidential.

Title Page

Table of Contents

Mission Statement

Executive Summary

Financial Summary

Financial Projections

Current Situation

Market Overview

Market Analysis

Market Research

Market Segments

Target Market

Products/Services

Customer Needs and Wants

Marketing Strengths and Weaknesses

Competitors

Competitors' Strengths and Weaknesses

Market Share

Opportunities in the Market

Risks or Threats in the Market

Assumptions

Marketing Goals

Marketing Strategy

Promotions

Pricing

Implementation

Personnel

Time Line

Budget

Evaluation

Contingency Plan


Memo

Use a memo when you want to send out a brief, informative message to members of your team or fellow employees at your company. Memos also serve as records of decisions, processes, and information.

Memos are less formal than letters, and therefore have fewer mandatory parts. Be sure, however, to include all necessary information in your memo, and to write, edit, and check it very carefully. Memos may be less formal than letters, but it is still very important to communicate clearly.

Choose a look that fits the tone and style you want to convey with the memo. Memos are best when they are simple, straightforward, and easy to read. Choose a large enough type size to allow your audience to read the memo at a glance.

When you finish designing the memo, check the spelling and grammar in the memo, then print or e-mail it. You can also save it as a QuickTask so you can quickly create a similar memo in the future.

Here are a few suggestions for items you can include on your memo form:

Carbon copy list. List the names of people besides the recipient who are receiving this memo. If you need to send the memo to several people, use Merge to fill in their names without having to re-type the memo several times.

Date. Because a memo typically transmits timely information, it is important to include the date the memo was sent. You can type in the date, or automatically insert the date as text or as a code which updates every time you open, print, or save the memo.

Distribution list. If you are sending the memo to a very large number of people and want to list them all, you can add a distribution list to the end of the memo. You may list names in alphabetical order or by rank.

From. Give information such as your name, title, phone extension, office number, and so on. Be sure to give all the necessary information; you know that you are the Maria who sent the message, but your colleagues may think it came from the Maria across the hall.

Message area. Give all the information your readers need to know, briefly and concisely. A memo is meant to remind, inform, and explain a particular situation, decision, or event. Do not give too much information, but make sure you cover the basics.

Processing codes. If your company has a specific filing system in place, either electronic or paper copies, you can include any specific processing codes at the end of the memo.

Reference information. At the end of the memo, include any extra information you need. Reference information can include enclosure notices, initials, carbon copy lists, filing instructions, and other codes your company uses to track or distribute memos.

Subject line. Write a sentence that briefly states what the memo is about. You do not need to go into detail, but make sure the subject line is not too cryptic. The subject line tells the recipients what the memo is about, and can help you file it under the correct subject later on.

Title. Memos often include the title "Memo" or "Memorandum." You do not have to include a title, however.

To. Be sure to address the memo carefully, to include everyone who needs to know the information it contains. You can also address the memo to entire groups, such as "B-Team" or "Project Leads." If you need to send the memo to several people, use Merge to fill in their names without having to re-type the memo several times.


Mission Statement

State the mission of your business. Your mission statement defines you business: what products you intend to manufacture, what services you intend to provide, and so on. Give direction for the marketing efforts your company makes. Your mission statement can also help outsiders understand your company's aims and purpose.


Executive Summary

Give a brief, concise overview of your marketing plan, including the company's history, management, products, growth projections, and so on. Give the name, address, phone number, fax number, and e-mail address of a contact person inside your company for your readers to contact if they have questions.


Financial Summary

Give an overview of your current financial situation. Include basic information about income, expenses, assets, debts, and sales. You may want to include a spreadsheet to show detailed data.


Financial Projections

Project your financial status for 1-4 years, including sales, income, debts, and expenses. You may want to break your projections down by market, product, geographic area, and so on.


Current Situation

Give a detailed account of your company's current situation and operations. Talk about market share, cost of goods, marketing campaigns still going on, research and development in the company, and any other information you think will help you define how things stand.


Market Overview

Describe the market your company competes in and your strategy for competing. Fill this in completely, as it can help you keep your goals in mind as you proceed with your business.


Market Analysis

Give concrete information about the market you intend to compete in: current situations, trends, projections.


Market Research

Explain the market research you have done for each product and/or service you intend to provide. Give and explain industry analysis, customer information, and market share.


Market Segments

Describe the market segments you plan to compete in. Give the demographics, geographical areas, and other information about the customers you want. Match your products' features to the customers' needs and wants.


Target Market

State the primary market you want to compete in. Give the demographics, geographical areas, and other information about the customers in that market. Describe and profile the businesses you want to sell to.


Products/Services

List what you will sell. Describe customer service plans, market positioning, inventory control, and quality standards for each product or service.


Customer Needs and Wants

List the customer needs and wants your products or services fill. Be very specific. You may discover that your products or services fill different needs than what you thought they would at first. You will need to focus your marketing strategy tightly around the customers' ideas of what they need and want.


Marketing Strengths and Weaknesses

List the marketing strengths and weaknesses of your business. Be very specific. Explain how you can capitalize on your strengths and overcome your weaknesses.


Competitors

Give the names, locations, sales, and market share of your competitors in this market.


Competitors' Strengths and Weaknesses

List the competition's strengths and weaknesses. You may want to compare their list to yours and explain the advantages your business has. Be realistic.


Market Share

Give figures about your current market share in each market and for each product or service, then overall. Show overall market share to pinpoint competitors' successes or failures. Show how market share has increased or decreased over time, and the reasons for it.


Opportunities in the Market

List and explain how the current trends in the market hold opportunities for your company. Outline how you plan to take advantage of the opportunities you see.


Risks or Threats in the Market

Explain the threats (competition, product saturation, market shift) you see in the current market trends. Review the risks you see in the current market, or in moving to another market. Outline how you plan to avoid the risks and overcome the threats.


Assumptions

Explain your own assumptions about the market and your marketing strategy. Why do you believe the market will behave a certain way? What are you assuming will happen?


Marketing Goals

Give a list of your marketing goals for the business, with measurable, definite outcomes. Take into account all the information you have discussed about your markets, customers, and trends. Explain how you will measure your progress toward each goal.


Marketing Strategy

Give a narrative description of how you intend to market your products. List the different marketing methods and how much you will rely on each one. List each product or service and how much you will market it.


Promotions

Explain how you will promote your business. List the types of advertising you plan to use (media, direct sales, sale promotions, publicity campaigns, and so on). Include sample scripts for television and radio ads, designs for print ads, and other materials to show how the promotions will look.


Pricing

Explain your overall pricing policy. Estimate the average purchase amount. Describe sales terms and conditions. Explain any credit plans you intend to offer.


Implementation

Give a detailed explanation of how you will implement your strategy. List the steps you will take to actually set your strategy in motion and keep it on track.


Personnel

List the individuals, groups, and/or departments who will implement your marketing strategy. Give definite responsibilities, and the names, phone numbers, and other contact information of each person in charge of a part of the plan.


Time Line

Give a detailed time line showing what needs to be done to implement your strategy, when you will meet each objective, and other information you want to track (sales, production, and so on).


Budget

Give a detailed budget for your marketing efforts. Include all expenses, from payroll to production to promotional expenses. Project how much you need, and if possible, where the money will come from. Have a contingency plan to handle budget overruns.


Evaluation

Explain how you will judge the success or failure of the plan, and when. Give definite criteria, so you can measure this marketing plan against them and make any necessary changes for next year's plan. These rules will help you not only evaluate your marketing plan, but help you continuously improve the plans you will make in the future.


Contingency Plan

Explain the alternatives you can implement if the original plan becomes impossible. While the contingency plans do not have to be as detailed and concrete as the main marketing plan, they should be definite enough to allow you to use them if it becomes necessary.


Project Proposal

When you propose a project, you need to sell your idea to your audience. Prepare carefully, and make sure you include all the relevant information: what your project will cover, what its goals are, when you will have it done, what equipment you need, and how much it will cost. Emphasize the benefits of the project, and mention your own qualifications. When you print your proposal, it is important to produce a nicely formatted, professional-looking document.

Your Project Proposal represents you, your team, your ideas, and your project on paper. Keep the layout professional, clear, and pleasing to the eye.

Carefully select the sections you want to put in the Project Proposal. Be sure to include the information relevant to your idea, team, and project. Add other sections if you need to use them.

Once you have finished your Project Proposal, make sure you proofread it carefully for formatting, spelling, and other factors. Be sure to print your proposal on high-quality paper with a laser printer. You should also make sure that your proposal conforms to any formatting or specifications you need to follow.

Title Page

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Proposal Abstract

Project Description

Background

Motivation and Need

Benefits

Support

Objectives

Success Measurements

Prerequisites

Scope

Methods

Deliverables

Schedule

Organization

Personal Qualifications

Biographical Information

Necessary Equipment

Budget

Economic Return

Bibliography

References

Contract

Payment and Fee Schedule

Summary


Title Page

Include the title, your name, the date, the hosting organization, locations, supervising agency, collaborators' names, and contact information.


Executive Summary

Give a brief summary of your proposal, mentioning the project, the need, the benefits, the objectives, and any other vital information.


Proposal Abstract

Briefly explain the basics of the project: what you will do, why, and how.


Project Description

Explain exactly what your project is in informative, general terms.


Background

Give background information about this project. Include information about previous similar projects; the current issues, trends, and problems your project addresses; and any research you or others have done on the subject.


Motivation and Need

Explain why you need to carry out this project. Give concrete facts, examples, and information to justify the time, effort, and expense of the project.


Benefits

Explain what good will come of the project. What problems will the project solve? How will it benefit the company, organization, community, and so on?


Support

Describe any local, community, government, or other support for the project. Explain the reasons for their support.


Objectives

Detail the goals of the project, explaining what the project will accomplish, how, and when. Be sure to write definite, concrete, measurable goals.


Success Measurements

List the criteria you will use to determine whether the project is a success or failure. Be sure to be specific about the evaluation method you will use.


Prerequisites

Explain anything you need to do, have, or discover before you can begin. What must occur for you to be able to complete the project?


Scope

Explain what the project will actually include and what it will not. Give details like time frame, geographic area, populations, sample sizes, and so on. Define your scope carefully to make sure you can meet the objectives.


Methods

Explain how you will carry out the project. Describe the steps you need to take and the techniques you will use. Include very specific information about both the steps and techniques.


Deliverables

List and explain what the project will actually produce. Data, physical results, written material, and so on, are all deliverables.


Schedule

Give a time line showing what will be done, by whom, and when.


Organization

List and explain who will work on the project, what their responsibilities will be, who reports to whom, and positions you will need to fill.


Personal Qualifications

Explain why you should be the one to carry out this project. Include your qualifications (degrees, previous experience, resources, and so on).


Biographical Information

Give a biographical sketch of yourself and anyone else participating in the project. Give names, qualifications, previous experience, specialties, and contributions.


Necessary Equipment

List and explain any equipment you require to carry out the project. This can include lab space, computers, machines, materials, and any other necessary ingredient. Give exact specifications (names, models, prices, and so on).


Budget

Explain how much the project will cost, where you will spend the money, and where the money will come from.


Economic Return

Explain how the project will yield an economic profit for the sponsors. Be sure to discuss how reliable the project will be (is it a high-risk project or a sure thing?).


Bibliography

List the sources you researched to find information about the product, along with authors, titles, and other publication information.


References

Include your personal references, with names, organizations, and contact information.


Contract

Include a copy of the legal contract funding and approving your project.


Payment and Fee Schedule

Include a schedule for fees and payments, including amounts, dates, and conditions.


Summary

Summarize your proposal, covering the project description, need, scope, methods, deliverables, schedule, and other necessary information.


Year-End Report

Create an informative Year-end Report to summarize how your business, team, department, committee, or other organization performed. Your Year-end Report lets you tell your bosses, customers, employees, and others about what happened in your business or project in the past year. It is more informative than comprehensive. Use it to talk about new developments, progress on goals, objectives for next year, and any other information you want to include. Be sure to include useful, interesting information and to choose an attractive, appropriate layout and format.

Your Year-end Report represents you, your company, your team, or your project. Keep the layout professional, clear, and pleasing to the eye. Some organizations prefer more graphically intensive formats, while others produce more straightforward, simple documents. Add or delete formatting elements to best represent your organization.

Carefully select the sections you want to put in the Year-end Report. Be sure to include the information relevant to your idea, team, and project. Add other sections if you need to use them. After you have added sections, replace the placeholder text with your own information.

Once you have finished your Year-end Report, make sure you proofread it carefully for formatting, spelling, and other factors so it will reflect well on you when you distribute it. If you wish, you can also make a copy of your Year-end Report in HTML format so you can publish it on the World Wide Web.

Title Page

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Message from the Team Leader

Year-End Summary

Historical Background

Reasons for the Project

Achievements

Intresting Facts & News

Statistics

Product Information

Market Share

Stock Performance Information

Financial Highlights

Trends and Opportunities

Future Challenges and Opportunities

Objectives for Next Year

Acknowledgments


Title Page

Include the title, the year, the company or sponsoring organization's name, the author and collaborators' names with contact information, the date, the company's logo, motto, and/or slogan, and the copyright information.


Executive Summary

Give a brief summary of your Year-end Report, mentioning each point you plan to cover in the text of the report.


Message from the Team Leader

If you are creating a year-end report for your company, include a message from the company head or team leader. Include his or her name and title, as well as the date. The letter should contain a brief pep-talk, an overview of achievements and goals, and references to the direction for the next year.


Year-End Summary

Give a brief summary of what happened in the last year: progress on projects, changes in the team, new products, growth or shrinkage in markets, ownership changes, reorganizations, and so on.


Historical Background

Use this section to talk about the project, committee, or company you are reporting for, with information such as company origins and growth, the founding of the organization, or how your project came about.


Reasons for the Project

When you report progress on a specific assignment, list the reasons for your project. If you are writing for a company or department, explain the mission of your department.


Achievements

Review the achievements of the last year. What goals did you fulfill? What specific projects did you complete? How much did you progress toward completing your assignment?


Intresting Facts & News

List the top ten events from the past year. Did the company merge or split? Did the project team move to new headquarters in the Bahamas? List the personnel who left or joined the project during the year, and any other organizational changes. Write about the events that influenced your work in the past year.


Statistics

Give statistics about what happened in the last year. This can be absolutely formal, or you can have some fun with it. How many hours did you, your team, or your company spend working on major projects? How many people worked on them? How many support calls did you answer? How many pizzas did you order in?


Product Information

Describe the products and/or services your company provides. Explain how the older products did in the past year, and highlight the new products your company developed.


Market Share

Explain how your products succeeded or failed. Give market share information for each market your products compete in. Explain the reasons for increasing or decreasing market share.


Stock Performance Information

Review how well or badly your stock performed in the last year. Include highs, lows, volume, and overall ratings.


Financial Highlights

Briefly review your company or project's financial status. Include information about revenue, expense, equity, interest, assets, debts, and other important numbers. You may also attach a more detailed spreadsheet.


Trends and Opportunities

List and explain the trends you see in the current situation, and how you plan to take advantage of the opportunities they provide. Relate these to your goals.


Future Challenges and Opportunities

List the challenges you see coming up in the next year and how you plan to overcome them. List the opportunities you see coming up and how you plan to take advantage of them.


Objectives for Next Year

List and explain your objectives and goals for the next year. Link them to the challenges and opportunities you see. Detail the goals, explaining what you will accomplish, how, and when. Be sure to write definite, concrete, measurable goals and to include the criteria for judging whether you have met your goals.


Acknowledgments

List and thank the people who provided information for this report, or who helped you put it together.


Cards

You can quickly and easily create a wide variety of greeting cards for all occasions. Choose the card you like, then personalize it with your own messages, images, and borders.

Decorating Cards

If you are not using paper with pre-printed borders, you can easily place a graphical or line border on the cover of the card. Choose from one of the borders in the gallery or use another graphics image as a border.

Use a Clipart image or other graphics file to put an illustration on the cover and inside page of your card. You can choose from one of the images in the gallery or use another image. You can also replace the image already on the card.

You can also use a watermark to put a lighter version of an image behind the text and images on your card. If you use a watermark, be sure to right-click the text and graphics boxes, click Wrap from the QuickMenu, then click None (wrap through). This allows the watermark to show behind the other text and images.

Be careful not to overcrowd the card with too many graphical elements. Match the images to the intent and message of your card.

Adding a Message

Choose a design that fits the purpose of the card, and type your own title for the cover. Write your own personal message for the inside of the card. Invitations have spaces for you to fill in the date, time, and location of the event.

Each of these cards is formatted to print on an 81/2" X 11" sheet of paper folded into fourths.

Printing the Card

Print the cards on high-quality paper. You may want to use a light card stock or heavy bond paper to give them a pleasant heaviness. Make sure the paper is clean and uncreased. When you fold the cards, use a ruler to make sure the creases are straight and sharp.

If you use colored paper, print a test copy to make sure the graphics and text are legible and attractive.


Editing Tips

Editing a document sometimes requires as much effort as writing it, but a good, thorough editing job will improve your paper every time. Here are some hints about what to look for as you review your document:

Let some time elapse between writing the paper and editing it, even if only a few hours. This gives your mind a chance to rest, so you are more likely to catch errors when you come back to the document.

Read your paper aloud. This will help you find problems in phrasing, word choice, and rhythm.

Have someone else read and review your paper. Another person will be able to catch errors or omissions that you are too familiar with to see.

Check the content of your paper. Ask yourself these questions:

Is the content appropriate for both the purpose of the paper and the audience you are writing for?

Have you included enough facts, examples, and data to support your points?

Do you have a strong main point, and does each sentence in the document build and support that point?

Check the organization of your paper. Ask yourself these questions:

Are the ideas presented in a logical order, with background information first and conclusions last?

Are the transitions between ideas smooth and consistent, leading the reader easily from one idea to the next without gaps or needless repetition?

Check the style of your paper. Ask yourself these questions:

Is your word choice appropriate for both the audience and the purpose of the paper?

Is your tone (formal, informal, technical, and so on) appropriate for both the audience and the purpose of the paper?

Are the sentences varied in length and complexity, or is the sentence style repetitive (all long sentences, or all short ones)?


Proofreading Tips

As you proofread, pay attention to the small details in your document. Good proofreading can make the difference between an adequate paper and an outstanding one.

Check for overall neatness, making sure the paper is legible, neat, and has no obvious corrections or mistakes.

Check the spelling, correcting any misspelled words, typos, or other mistakes.

Check for proper capitalization, making sure that each sentence and proper noun begins with a capital letter.

Check for run-on sentences and sentence fragments, and correct them.

Check to make sure that every sentence ends with the right punctuation mark (period or question mark) and that you used all commas, periods, colons, semicolons and dashes correctly.

Check any apostrophes to make sure you used them correctly ("Kittens for Sale" instead of "Kitten's for Sale").

Check to make sure all your subjects and verbs agree ("he runs" instead of "he run").

Check to make sure verb forms and tenses agree, and that you keep the same tense throughout the paper (do not switch from past tense to present).

Check to make sure all pronouns and antecedents agree ("Sam talked to me, and he said" instead of "Sam talked to me, and they said").

Check any easily confused words (lie and lay, sit and set, and so on) to make sure you use the right one.

Check any abbreviations to make sure you use them correctly ("it's a nice day" instead of "its a nice day").

Check to make sure that each paragraph begins with an indention.


Book Report

In a book report, you describe a book you have read. Assume that the reader of your report has not read the book. Briefly explain the plot, characters, settings, conflicts, and so on. In some book reports, you may analyze the plot, characters, or writing techniques; you may also give an overall opinion of the book or a recommendation.

Once you have read the book, write an outline for the report. Be sure to include the title of the book, the author's name, and any other relevant information. Review the assignment sheet for the report to make sure you include all the elements the assignment requires. Write the outline, making sure that the ideas flow in a logical order from introduction to description to conclusion.

After you have finished outlining, you are ready to write the report. Some teachers require title pages, others do not. Read the assignment to find out what the requirements are for your report. Remember to include all the necessary information: your name, the date, the title of the book, and the author's name. You may also include the teacher's name and the class number.

These are the parts of a book report:

Title Page

Adding a nicely formatted title page makes your report look more organized. Be sure to include your name, the title of the report, the title of the book, the author's name, and the date the report is due. You may also add the teacher's name and the class title. If the assignment allows it, you may want to use a larger font for the title of the book to make the title stand out. You may also add a graphical border around the title page.

Body

The body of your book report contains the text of your report. Type in your ideas, descriptions, and conclusions. If you did not include a title page, be sure to add your name, the teacher's name, the date, the title of the report, and the author and title of the book you are reporting on.

As you type, you may need to quote a long passage from the book. Any quotes over three lines long need to be single spaced and indented on both sides. This is called a "block quote."

Works Cited

If you used other sources in addition to the book you read, list them here in alphabetical order by author. Check with the teacher to find out what format you should use for your citations, both here and in the text of the report.

Be sure to format your book report according to the directions given in the assignment. Usually, reports are double spaced with one-inch margins all around. If you have numbered pages, either leave the page number off the first page, or print the page number at the bottom.

Be sure to save your report often!

Once you have finished writing the report, check it carefully for spelling, formatting, and other errors. Print out a draft copy to hand to someone you trust for editing and comments, to catch any mistakes you may have missed.

If you need to fill a certain number of pages, you can stretch or shrink your document to fit the requirements. Do not use Make It Fit when you are more than a half of a page over or under the limit, however.

Related Concepts


Writing Tips for Book Reports

Use these basic steps and techniques as you write your book report:

Read the book. This may seem obvious, but many people attempt to circumvent this requirement by using published summaries, plot descriptions from friends, or movie versions of the book. As you read, take note of the various plot points, the characters, the settings, the conflicts, and other elements of the book. This will not only help you when you write your report, but it may make the book more enjoyable to you as well.

Once you have read the book, write an outline for the report. Be sure to include the title of the book, the author's name, and any other relevant information. Review the assignment sheet for the report, to make sure you include all the elements the assignment requires. Write the outline, making sure that the ideas flow in a logical order from introduction to description to conclusion.

Once you have an outline, begin writing your first draft. Do not worry much about phrasing or perfect prose in the first draft; the important thing is to get your ideas down on paper. You can always revise later. As you write, you may find you need to reorganize your report, or to include further information in various areas. Be sure to give concrete facts, examples, and quotes from the book to support each point you make. Be sure to correctly cite any quotes or paraphrased ideas from your book as you go along. If you have time, leave the first draft alone for a while after you write it. Letting it "cool down" gives you a chance to put some mental and emotional distance between the writing and revising, and can help you see problems you may miss if the draft is too fresh in your mind.

Revising the draft is the last, and very important, stage in writing. Read the draft carefully, paying close attention to style, grammar, and mechanics like punctuation and subject/verb agreement. Now is the time to change your hastily written draft into an example of graceful, literate writing. Even at this stage, you should not hesitate to reorganize your paper, or to add or subtract information. It is also very helpful to have someone else read and comment on your paper to catch any mistakes you might have missed, or to find omissions you were not aware of. Check all your citations carefully to make sure you have all the necessary information and that your quotes or paraphrases are accurate. Finally, print a preliminary copy of your final draft to check formatting, margins, page numbering, and other visual elements. When everything looks good, print the final copy to hand in.

Related Concepts


Report

Reports generally confine themselves to explaining a subject, explaining the current thinking and various aspects of the topic, instead of analyzing or presenting an opinion about the topic. After you choose a topic, use journals, books, and other sources to find information for your report. You can use anything as the subject of your report: people, places, inventions, books, plays, ideas, and so on.

Be sure to save your report often!

Once you have finished writing the report, check it carefully for spelling, formatting, and other errors. Go over your Works Cited page and check both the list and the style of citation you used. Print out a draft copy to hand to someone you trust for editing and comments, to catch any mistakes you may have missed.

If you need to fill a certain number of pages, you can stretch or shrink your document to fit the requirements. Do not use Make It Fit when you are more than a half of a page over or under the limit, however.

Outlining the Report

After you have completed your research, you are ready to write the outline of the paper. Before you begin, write a final thesis statement. Every paragraph, example, and fact in your term paper should help to support and explain the thesis statement. As you create your outline, refer to the thesis statement to guide you in organizing the outline and deciding what to include or omit. The outline should begin with the thesis statement, present any necessary background information, explain the topic your paper describes, explain the topic by citing specific information from your research, address any conflicting points of view among the authorities you consulted, give your conclusions, and then restate your thesis statement in the conclusion of the paper.

These are the parts of a report:

Title Page

Adding a nicely formatted title page makes your report look more organized. Be sure to include your name, the title of the report, and the date the report is due. You may also add the teacher's name and the class title. When you have an assigned style for the report, follow that style as you format the title page. If the assignment allows it, you may want to use a larger font for the title to make the title stand out. You may also add a graphical border around the title page.

Table of Contents

If you are writing a long report, include a table of contents page so your readers can rapidly find the information they are looking for. If you are using a specified format for the report, follow that format to create your table of contents. Mark each main heading for inclusion in the Table of Contents.You need to mark entries for the table of contents before you can generate it.

Body

This is the text of your report. Type in your ideas, descriptions, and conclusions. If you did not include a title page, be sure to add your name, the professor or teacher's name, the date, the title of the report, and the class name and number on the first page of the report, in accordance with the formatting style the assignment requires. As you write the paper, be sure to properly cite every direct quote or paraphrase in an endnote, footnote, or parenthetical reference. Check the assignment to see which type of reference you should be using.

List of Illustrations

If you plan to include graphics, pictures, charts, diagrams, and other illustrations in your report, include a List of Illustrations. The list will automatically include the caption text from each figure and the page number where the figure appears.

Endnotes Page

The endnotes page is the last page of your report. Endnotes automatically generate here as you create them. If you are using a particular formatting style, follow its examples closely as you format the endnotes.

Works Cited Page

List all the sources you used in your report. Follow the formatting style closely to properly list each source. Sources are usually listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name, and are formatted as paragraphs with hanging indents.

Formatting the Report

Be sure to format your report according to the directions given in the assignment. Usually, reports are double spaced with one-inch margins all around. You may also need to adhere to a specific standard in formatting your report, such as APA, MLA, or Turabian style.

If you have numbered pages, either leave the page number off the first page, or print the page number at the bottom. Some report formats (MLA, for example) also require your last name before the page number.

Using Illustrations, Quotes, and Charts

Using quotes, examples, data charts, and illustrations can make your report more interesting and informative. However, they can also make your report overly complicated. A good rule to follow is to use these elements only when they add to the readability and understandability of the report.

A block quote is a direct quotation from a specific source that is longer than three typed lines. Block quotes are single spaced and indented on both the left and right sides.

Use data charts to show numerical and statistical information and trends that would be difficult to explain using only words. Be sure to explain the chart, especially when you draw conclusions from it.

Tables can help you organize information in an efficient, easy-to-read way.

Use graphics files to show places, processes, and things. If you have a list of illustrations, create captions for each image to immediately update the list.

Related Concepts


Writing Tips for Reports

When you write a report, you follow these basic steps:

Choose a topic in an area that interests you, then do enough preliminary research to find out if there is enough material about that topic to write a paper about, and to narrow or widen your topic as needed. Your preliminary reading should also give you a good idea of the subjects, sub-topics, and research areas associated with the topic.Review the preliminary information you have gathered and write a basic thesis statement. A thesis statement is a sentence that tells the reader what the paper is going to say or prove. Give the reader a brief, concise summary of the information you found about your topic. Remember that this is just a preliminary opinion; you may change your thesis statement after you have done more research.

Research the topic. Use a wide variety of sources that apply to the topic. It is usually better to use periodicals, journals, and other more recent works when you are researching an academic subject; simply pulling out the general encyclopedia article will not give you enough information, while an entire book on the subject may give too much. Bibliographies in the articles you find can lead you to other good sources as well. Begin your research early, to give yourself enough time to complete a thorough search.

Take notes on the sources you find, either by hand-writing quotes and paraphrases, or by copying the source and cutting out blocks of text from the copies. It is usually best to use note cards so you can quickly and easily rearrange your quotes to organize your paper. Be sure to include the source and page number of the article or book on each card, so that you can cite it properly later. You may want to create a source list with full bibliographic information so that you can use a short identification (a number, the author's name, a brief title) on the cards themselves.

After you have read and analyzed two or three good sources on your topic, organize your notes into a basic subject-oriented outline. Then, as you continue your research, you can fit the new information into the outline to help keep your notes (and your research) organized and under your control.

After you have completed your research, you are ready to write the outline of the paper. Before you begin, write a final thesis statement. Every paragraph, example, and fact in your term paper should help to support and explain the thesis statement. As you create your outline, refer to the thesis statement to guide you in organizing the outline and deciding what to include or omit. The outline should begin with the thesis statement, present any necessary background information, explain the topic your paper describes, explain the topic by citing specific information from your research, address any conflicting points of view among the authorities you consulted, give your conclusions, and then restate your thesis statement in the conclusion of the paper.

Once you have an outline, re-organize your note cards in the same order as your outline, and begin writing your first draft. Do not worry much about phrasing or perfect prose in the first draft; the important thing is to get your ideas down on paper. You can always revise later. As you write, you may find you need to reorganize your paper, or to include further information in various areas. Be sure that your research supports your thesis statement, and that you give concrete facts, examples, and illustrations to support each point you make. Be sure to correctly and thoroughly cite any quotes or paraphrased ideas from your sources as you go along. If you have time, leave the first draft alone for a while after you write it. Letting it "cool down" gives you a chance to put some mental and emotional distance between the writing and revising, and can help you see problems you may miss if the draft is too fresh in your mind.

Revising the draft is the last, and very important, stage in writing. Read the draft carefully, paying close attention to style, grammar, and mechanics like punctuation and subject/verb agreement. Now is the time to change your hastily written draft into an example of graceful, literate writing. Even at this stage, you should not hesitate to reorganize your paper, or to add or subtract information. It is also very helpful to have someone else read and comment on your paper to catch any mistakes you might have missed, or to find omissions you were not aware of. Check all your citations carefully to make sure you have all the necessary information and that your quotes or paraphrases are accurate. Finally, print a preliminary copy of your final draft to check formatting, margins, page numbering, and other visual elements. When everything looks good, print the final copy to hand in.

Related Concepts


Term Paper

In a term paper, you write about a specific topic that you have researched, explain the information you have found, come to conclusions, and make recommendations based on the information. While you do cite the research and opinions of others, the purpose of a term paper is to analyze the information and express your own opinions about the subject.

Be sure to save your term paper often!

Once you have finished writing the term paper, check it carefully for spelling, formatting, and other errors. Go over your Works Cited page and check both the list and the style of citation you used. Print out a draft copy to hand to someone you trust for editing and comments, to catch any mistakes you may have missed.

If you need to fill a certain number of pages, you can stretch or shrink your term paper to fit the requirements. Do not use Make It Fit when you are more than a half of a page over or under the limit, however.

Outlining the Paper

After you have completed your research, you are ready to write the outline of the paper. Before you begin, write a strong thesis statement. Every paragraph, example, and fact in your term paper should help to support and explain the thesis statement. As you create your outline, refer to the thesis statement to guide you in organizing the outline and deciding what to include or omit. The outline should begin with the thesis statement, present any necessary background information, explain the controversy or question your paper addresses, support your opinion by citing specific information from your research, address any conflicting points of view or possible objections, give your conclusions, and then restate your opinions (with your primary reasons for those opinions) and your thesis statement in the conclusion of the paper.

These are the parts of a term paper:

Title Page

Adding a nicely formatted title page makes your term paper look more organized. Be sure to include your name, the title of the term paper, and the date the term paper is due. You may also add the professor's or teacher's name and the class title. For an extra professional touch, add a blank sheet of paper between the title page and the first page of the report.

When you have an assigned style for the term paper, follow that style as you format the title page. If the assignment allows it, you may want to use a larger font for the title to make the title stand out. You may also add a graphical border around the title page.

Table of Contents

If you are writing a long term paper, include a table of contents page so your readers can rapidly find the information they are looking for. If you are using a specified format for the term paper, follow that format to create your table of contents. Mark each main heading for inclusion in the Table of Contents. You need to mark entries for the table of contents before you can generate it.

Abstract

In some cases, you will need to provide an abstract for your term paper. An abstract is a paragraph that briefly summarizes the content of your paper. Give the thesis statement and main points. Abstracts should give the reader a good idea of what your paper covers, but you should not go into detail. If the style you are using permits it, you can also add a graphical border around the abstract.

List of Illustrations

If you plan to include graphics, pictures, charts, diagrams, and other illustrations in your term paper, include a list of illustrations. The list will automatically include the caption text from each figure and the page number where the figure appears.

Body

This is the text of your term paper. Type in your ideas, supporting facts, conclusions, and opinions. If you did not include a title page, be sure to add your name, the professor or teacher's name, the date, the title of the term paper, and the class name and number on the first page of the term paper, in accordance with the formatting style the assignment requires.

As you write the paper, be sure to properly cite every direct quote or paraphrase in an endnote, footnote, or parenthetical reference. Check the assignment to see which type of reference you should be using.

Endnotes Page

The endnotes page is the last page of your term paper. Endnotes automatically generate here as you create them. If you are using a particular formatting style, follow its examples closely as you format the endnotes.

Works Cited Page

List all the sources you used in your term paper. Follow the formatting style closely to properly list each source. Sources are usually listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name, and are formatted as paragraphs with hanging indents.

Formatting the Paper

Be sure to format your term paper according to the directions given in the assignment. Usually, term papers are double spaced with one-inch margins all around. You may also need to adhere to a specific standard in formatting your term paper, such as APA,MLA, or Turabian style.

If you have numbered pages, either leave the page number off the first page, or print the page number at the bottom. Some term paper formats (MLA, for example) also require your last name before the page number.

Using Illustrations, Quotes, and Charts

Using quotes, examples, data, and illustrations can make your term paper more interesting and informative. However, they can also make your paper overly complicated. A good rule to follow is to use these elements only when they add to the readability and understandability of the term paper.

A block quote is a direct quotation from a specific source that is longer than three typed lines. Block quotes are single spaced and indented on both the left and right sides.

Use data charts to show numerical and statistical information and trends that would be difficult to explain using only words. Be sure to explain the chart, especially when you draw conclusions from it.

Tables can help you organize information in an efficient, easy-to-read way.

Use graphics files to show places, processes, and things. If you have a list of illustrations, create captions for each image to immediately update the list.

Related Concepts


Writing Tips for Term Papers

When you write a term paper, you follow these basic steps and techniques:

Choose a topic in an area that interests you, then do enough preliminary research to find out if there is enough material about that topic to write a paper about, and to narrow or widen your topic as needed. Your preliminary reading should also give you a good idea of the major questions and problems associated with the topic.

Review the preliminary information you have gathered and write a basic thesis statement. A thesis statement is a sentence that tells the reader what the paper is going to say or prove. This is your opinion about the topic you have selected. Remember that this is just a preliminary opinion; you may change your thesis statement after you have done more research.

Research the topic. Use a wide variety of sources that apply to the topic. It is usually better to use periodicals, journals, and other more recent works when you are researching an academic subject; simply pulling out the general encyclopedia article will not give you enough information, while an entire book on the subject may give too much. Bibliographies in the articles you find can lead you to other good sources as well. Begin your research early, to give yourself enough time to complete a thorough search.

Take notes on the sources you find, either by hand-writing quotes and paraphrases, or by copying the source and cutting out blocks of text from the copies. It is usually best to use note cards so you can quickly and easily rearrange your quotes to organize your paper. Be sure to include the source and page number of the article or book on each card, so that you can cite it properly later. You may want to create a source list with full bibliographic information so that you can use a short identification (a number, the author's name, a brief title) on the cards themselves.

After you have read and analyzed two or three good sources on your topic, organize your notes into a basic subject-oriented outline. Then, as you continue your research, you can fit the new information into the outline to help keep your notes (and your research) organized and under your control.

After you have completed your research, you are ready to write the outline of the paper. Before you begin, write a strong thesis statement. Every paragraph, example, and fact in your term paper should help to support and explain the thesis statement. As you create your outline, refer to the thesis statement to guide you in organizing the outline and deciding what to include or omit. The outline should begin with the thesis statement, present any necessary background information, explain the controversy or question your paper addresses, support your opinion by citing specific information from your research, address any conflicting points of view or possible objections, give your conclusions, and then restate your opinions (with your primary reasons for those opinions) and your thesis statement in the conclusion of the paper.

Once you have an outline, re-organize your note cards in the same order as your outline, and begin writing your first draft. Do not worry much about phrasing or perfect prose in the first draft; the important thing is to get your ideas down on paper. You can always revise later. As you write, you may find you need to reorganize your paper, or to include further information in various areas. Be sure that your research supports your thesis statement, and that you give concrete facts, examples, and illustrations to support each point you make. Be sure to correctly and thoroughly cite any quotes or paraphrased ideas from your sources as you go along. If you have time, leave the first draft alone for a while after you write it. Letting it "cool down" gives you a chance to put some mental and emotional distance between the writing and revising, and can help you see problems you may miss if the draft is too fresh in your mind.

Revising the draft is the last, and very important, stage in writing. Read the draft carefully, paying close attention to style, grammar, and mechanics like punctuation and subject/verb agreement. Now is the time to change your hastily written draft into an example of graceful, literate writing. Even at this stage, you should not hesitate to reorganize your paper, or to add or subtract information. It is also very helpful to have someone else read and comment on your paper to catch any mistakes you might have missed, or to find omissions you were not aware of. Check all your citations carefully to make sure you have all the necessary information and that your quotes or paraphrases are accurate. Finally, print a preliminary copy of your final draft to check formatting, margins, page numbering, and other visual elements. When everything looks good, print the final copy to hand in.

Related Concepts


Finding a Subject

You need to understand the purpose, subject, and reader before you start writing a document.

Finding a subject

Brainstorm

Keep a journal

Watch other people, interview them

Collect ideas from your surroundings

Ask the five questions: Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How

Read books, view movies and television

What do you care about?

Analyzing your reader

What do they already know?

What are they interested in?

What are their attitudes?

How much do they know about your subject?

Do you need to convince them or inform them?


Writing the First Draft

You can either just start writing and organize as you go. Or you can create an outline.

Write in a comfortable place.

Review the ideas gathered from finding your subject.

Keep your audience, tone, and purpose in mind.

Write freely.

Don't worry about grammar, spelling, or mechanics.

Remember the first draft is only the beginning, you can revise later.


Tips on Creating an Outline

1	Try to limit outlines to less than four or five sub-levels.

2	Try not to make the outline too brief.

If the outline is sparse and vague it doesn't provide a solid direction. The outline needs to be fleshed out so the logic and arrangement can be identified.

3	Make the levels parallel.

For example,

Designing the landscape

Preparing the soil

Exacavating the ground

Putting in the sprinklers

4	Design the outline so that each level has at least two sub-levels.


US State Abbreviations

Use two-letter state abbreviations. The U.S. Postal Service prefers all capital letters and no punctuation.

AK	Alaska
AL	Alabama
AR	Arkansas
AZ	Arizona
CA	California
CO	Colorado
CT	Connecticut
DC	District of Columbia
DE	Delaware
FL	Florida
GA	Georgia
HI	Hawaii
IA	Iowa
ID	Idaho
IL	Illinois
IN	Indiana
KS	Kansas
KY	Kentucky
LA	Louisiana
MA	Massachusetts
MD	Maryland
ME	Maine
MI	Michigan
MN	Minnesota
MO	Missouri
MS	Mississippi
MT	Montana
NC	North Carolina
ND	North Dakota
NE	Nebraska
NH	New Hampshire
NJ	New Jersey
NM	New Mexico
NV	Nevada
NY	New York
OH	Ohio
OK	Oklahoma
OR	Oregon
PA	Pennsylvania
PR	Puerto Rico
RI	Rhode Island
SC	South Carolina
SD	South Dakota
TN	Tennessee
TX	Texas
UT	Utah
VA	Virginia
VI	Virgin Islands
VT	Vermont
WA	Washington
WI	Wisconsin
WV	West Virginia
WY	Wyoming
Related Concepts


Line Spacing

All the basic text in a dissertation must be double-spaced, and double-spacing is strongly urged for all academic papers. Indented block quotations, however may be single-spaced. It is also conventional to single-space footnotes, itemized lists, and bibliographies or reference lists, leaving a blank line between notes, items, or entries. Runover lines in tables of contents, lists of tables and illustrations, and subheads may also be single-spaced.

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Acknowledgements

In the acknowledgments, the writer thanks mentors and colleagues, lists the individuals or institutions that supported the research, and gives credit to works cited in the text for which permission to reproduce has been granted. Although one might wish to acknowledge special assistance such as consultation on technical matters or aid in securing special equipment and source materials, one may properly omit formal thanks for the routine help given by an adviser or a thesis committee.

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Page Numbering

All the basic text in a dissertation must be double-spaced, and double-spacing is strongly urged for all academic papers. Indented block quotations, however may be single-spaced. It is also conventional to single-space footnotes, itemized lists, and bibliographies or reference lists, leaving a blank line between notes, items, or entries. Runover lines in tables of contents, lists of tables and illustrations, and subheads may also be single-spaced.

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Title Page

Most universities and colleges have their own style of title page for theses and dissertations, and this should be followed exactly for content, capitalization, and position and spacing of the elements. For term papers, if a sample sheet is not provided, a title page might include the name of the university or college (usually centered near the top of the sheet), the full title of the paper, the course (including its department and number), the date, and the name of the writer. Although the title page counts as page i, the number is not shown on it.

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Blank Page or Copyright Page

A blank sheet prevents the text of the following page from showing through the white space on the title page. The sheet may also be used as a copyright page, with the copyright notice, in the following form, placed near the bottom.

Copyright © 19-- by Arthur Author

All rights reserved

In either case the sheet is counted in the pagination, but the page number is not shown. A copyright notice may be included even if the copyright is not registered.

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Dedication

Dedications are usually brief and need not include the word dedicated. To is sufficient:

To Gerald

It is not necessary to identify (or even give the whole name of) the person to whom the work is dedicated or to give such other information as life dates, though both are permissible. Extravagant dedications are things of the past, and humorous dedications rarely stand the test of time. There should be no final punctuation. If to is used to introduce the dedication, it should begin with a capital. A dedication is not listed in the table of contents. No number appears on it, but the page is counted in the pagination of the preliminaries.

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Epigraph

An epigraph (a pertinent quotation placed at the beginning of a work or of one of its parts and adumbrating its theme) is not italicized, underlined, or put in quotation marks. When an epigraph heads a whole paper, its format is like that of a dedication. The source is given on the line following the quotation and should consist only of the author's name (just the last name of a well-known author) and, usually, the title of the work. Epigraphs are usually self-explanatory: any explanation should be included in the preface or other introductory matter. An epigraph is not listed in the table of contents. No number appears on it, but the page is counted in the pagination of the preliminaries.

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Table of Contents

The table of contents, usually headed simply CONTENTS (in full capitals), lists all the parts of the paper except the title page, blank page or copyright page, dedication, and epigraph, which all precede it. No page numbers appear on any of these four, but all are counted in the pagination of the front matter. (1.11)

When more than one level of subhead is included in the contents, they must appear in order of rank; that is, it is not permissible to begin with any but the first-level subhead or to skip from the first to the third or fourth level. (1.12)

Subheads, when included, are indented a consistent distance (three spaces, for example) beyond the beginning of the chapter title. If more than one level of subhead is included, each level is indented yet another three spaces, and the spaced periods (leaders) running to the page number begin at the end of the last runover line. (1.14)

Capitalization of titles in both the table of contents and the body for the paper should be as follows. For the titles of all major divisions (acknowledgments, preface, contents, list of illustrations, list of tables, list of abbreviations, glossary, editorial method, abstract, introduction, parts, chapters, appendix, notes,  and bibliography or reference list), capitalize all letters (e.g., PREFACE). For subheads, use headline style, capitalizing the initial letter of the first and last words and of all other words except articles, prepositions, and coordinate conjunctions, or use sentence style, capitalizing only the initial letter of the subhead and of any proper nouns or proper adjectives. (1.16)

Page numbers are usually aligned on the right following a line of spaced periods (leaders) separating the title from the page number. Note that only the beginning page number of each chapter or other section is given. Page numbers for subheads may be omitted. When they are included with run-in subheads, page numbers are best placed in parentheses immediately following each subhead. (1.18)

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List of Illustrations

In a list of illustrations, headed simply ILLUSTRATIONS, the figure numbers are given in arabic numerals followed by a period; the captions follow the period; and the page numbers (in arabic) are usually separated from the caption by period leaders. Double-space between captions, single-space within. (1.19)

The captions in the list of illustrations should agree with those given beneath illustrations, unless the latter are long (more properly, then, called legends), in which case it is best to shorten them in the list. For a thesis or dissertation, however, consult the dissertation office. Even if a descriptive or explanatory statement follows the caption under an illustration, do not include it in the list of illustrations. (1.22)

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Preface

In the preface, the writer explains the motivation for the study, the background of the project, the scope of the research, and the purpose of the paper. The preface may also include acknowledgments. If a writer has nothing significant to add to what is covered in the body of the paper and wishes only to acknowledge the various sorts of assistance and permissions received, these remarks should be titled ACKNOWLEDGMENTS rather than PREFACE.

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List of Abbreviations

A list of abbreviations is desirable only if the writer has devised new abbreviations instead of using commonly accepted ones, such as standard abbreviations of titles of professional journals. A list of abbreviations should be arranged alphabetically by the abbreviation itself, not the spelled-out term.

Double-space between items, single-space within. A list of abbreviations helps the reader who looks at only a portion of the paper instead of reading it from beginning to end. Even when a paper includes a list of abbreviations, the spelled-out version should be given the first time a term appears, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses.

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Introduction

The text usually begins with an introduction, which may be called chapter 1. If it is short, the writer may prefer to head it simply INTRODUCTION and reserve the more formal generic heading CHAPTER for the longer sections of which the main body of the paper is composed. Whether it is called chapter 1 or not, the introduction is equivalent to the first chapter and is not part of the preliminaries. Thus the first page of the introduction is page 1 (arabic numeral) of the paper.

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Part

If a work is divided into parts, each comprising one or more chapters, each should be preceded by a part-title page. Part-title pages display only the generic heading, the part number and any part title. Since the introduction is to the entire paper, whether the introduction is titled chapter 1 or not, it is not included in part 1. The first part-title page therefore follows rather than precedes the introduction.

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Chapter

The main body of the paper is divided into chapters, each beginning on a new page. The generic heading CHAPTER is followed by a number, which may be either spelled out (in capitals) or given as a numeral (arabic or uppercase roman). Conventionally, the entire heading is centered. Some writers omit the word CHAPTER and use only numerals (roman or arabic) in sequence before the headings of the main divisions. The form of the chapter numbers should be different from that used for part numbers (e.g., PART II, CHAPTER 4). The title, which describes the content of the chapter, is also in uppercase, centered below the generic heading.

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Section and Subsection

In some papers the chapters or their equivalents are divided into sections, which may in turn be divided into subsections, then into subsubsections, and so on. Such divisions are customarily given titles, called subheads or subheadings, which are differentiated typographically and designated first-, second-, and third-level subheads. The principal, or first-level, subdivision should have greater attention value than the lower levels. Centered headings have more attention value than sideheads (beginning at the left margin), and italic, underlining, or boldface type has more value than text type. Attention value is also enhanced by leaving some blank space above and below all but run-in subheads.

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Appendix

An appendix, although by no means an essential part of every paper, is a useful device to make available material that is relevant to the text but not suitable for inclusion in it. An appendix is a group of related items. Appendixes, for example, may contain tables too detailed for text presentation, a large group of illustrations, technical notes on method, schedules and forms used in collecting materials, copies of documents not generally available to the reader, case studies too long to be put into the text, and sometimes figures or other illustrative materials. When a writer gathers all the paper’s illustrations, they are instead included in a group titled illustrations placed just before the back matter. If some illustrations are placed in the text, however, any that are grouped in the back matter must be put in an appendix. (1.39)

All appendixes go at the end of a paper, not at the ends of chapters. (1.40)

Materials of different categories should be placed in separate appendixes. When there is more than one appendix, each is given a number or a latter (APPENDIX 1, etc.; APPENDIX ONE, etc.; APPENDIX A, etc.). (1.41)

If there is only one appendix, the writer may or may not give it a title, like a chapter or part title. If a paper has more than one appendix, each must bear a descriptive title, which also appears in the table of contents. On the opening page of each appendix the generic heading and the title are both centered and typed in full capitals. (1.42)

Whether an appendix should be single-spaced or double-spaced depends upon the nature of the material; spacing need not be the same for each of the appendixes. Documents and case studies may well be single-spaced, whereas explanations of methods and procedures may be double-spaced like the text. (1.43)

When photocopied documents, such as previously published articles, facsimiles of manuscripts, or questionnaires, appear as separate pages in appendixes, a page number should be added to each photocopy, using arabic numerals within brackets in the upper right comer. The brackets show that the page number is not part of the original document. The photocopied documents within an appendix may or may not contain original pagination. (1.44)

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Footnotes and Endnotes

Using footnotes rather than endnotes or parenthetical references allows a paper to be read from beginning to end without searching for a reference in the back matter. For theses and dissertations that are held and distributed on microfilm, particularly those in the humanities, footnotes and a bibliography are preferred. (8.2)

The place in the text where a note is introduced, whether footnote or endnote, is marked with an arabic numeral typed slightly above the line (superscript). (8.2)

Do not put a period after a superscript note number or embellish it with parentheses, brackets, or slash marks. The note reference follows any punctuation mark except the dash, which it precedes, and goes outside a closing parentheses. (8.7)

Note numbers preceding the footnotes themselves are preferably typed on the line, followed by a period. (8.10)

Endnotes are more common in term papers than in theses or dissertations. In term papers, endnotes are numbered consecutively throughout the paper. In longer works that are divided into chapters, however, endnotes are numbered consecutively from 1 within each chapter. Superscript arabic numerals are used as indicators in text, but full-sized on-line arabic numerals, followed by periods, precede the endnotes themselves. All endnotes are grouped in the back matter under the generic heading NOTES, with subheads giving the chapter numbers. (1.46)

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Titles

In giving titles of published works in text, notes, reference list, or bibliography, the spelling of the original should be retained, but capitalization and punctuation may be altered to conform to the style used in the paper. In most scientific fields, sentence-style capitalization is used. In the humanities and many of the social sciences, however, it is customary to capitalize titles headline style.

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Headline-Line Style Capitalization

In the titles of works in English, capitalize the first and last words and all other words except articles, prepositions, to used as part of an infinitive and coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for). Note that the subtitle, following a colon, is capitalized the same way as the main title.

"How to Overcome Urban Blight: A Twentieth-Century Problem"

Capitalizing compounds in titles may be simplified by the following rule: First elements are always capitalized; subsequent elements are capitalized unless they are articles, prepositions, or coordinating conjunctions.

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Sentence-Style Capitalization

In reference lists, capitalize titles of books and articles sentence style; that is, capitalize the first word of the title or subtitle and only proper nouns and proper adjectives thereafter.

Natural crisis: Symbol and imagination in the American farm crisis

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Block Quotations

In general a prose quotation of two or more sentences that runs to eight or more lines of text in a paper should be set off from the text in single-spacing and indented in its entirety, with no quotation marks at the beginning or end. Exceptions to this rule are allowable when, for emphasis or comparison, it is desirable to set off shorter quotations. Paragraph indentation in the original text should be indicated by an indentation within a block quotation, but single-space between the paragraphs. When including material from different sources in a single block quotation, however, double-space between separate passages.

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Punctuation with Quotation Marks

Periods and commas should be placed inside quotation marks; semicolons and colons go outside. Question marks and exclamation points should be placed outside quotation marks unless the question or exclamation is part of the quotation.

How does he show "evil leading somehow to good"?

One may well ask, "Is it really necessary to lose the world in order to find oneself?"

Eva replied, "Did he really say, 'Nothing will come of nothing'?"

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Omissions and Ellipses

Any omission of words, phrases, or paragraphs in quoted matter is shown by ellipsis points, which are period dots, not asterisks (stars). There should be a space before each dot, unless the first dot is the period of an abbreviation or sentence, and a space after the last if a word follows. Since ellipsis points stand for words omitted from the quotation itself, they are always placed within quotation marks. When quotation marks either precede or follow ellipsis points, do not leave a space between the quotation mark and the dot. (5.18)

An omission within a sentence is shown by three spaced dots. (5.19)

If other punctuation comes immediately before the ellipsis, it is placed next to the word. (5.20)

If other punctuation comes immediately before a word that is preceded by ellipsis points, that punctuation mark is placed before the word, with the usual intervening space:

"All this is not exactly in S's tradition . . . ; and it was not, as I recall, your style."

An omission following a sentence is indicated by four dots. The first, placed immediately after the last word, is the period. If in the original source the sentence preceding the ellipsis ends with a question mark or an exclamation point, that mark rather than the period is used. (5.22)

In current practice, the period (or other mark of terminal punctuation) and three spaced dots may indicate the omission of (1) the last part of a quoted sentence, (2) the first part of a quoted sentence, (3) the last part of one sentence and the first part of the next sentence, (4) a whole sentence or more, or (5) a whole paragraph or more. (5.23)

In general, no ellipsis points should be used (1) before or after an obviously incomplete sentence, (2) before or after a run-in quotation of one or more complete sentences, (3) before a block quotation, or (4) after a block quotation ending with a complete sentence. (5.27)

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Full Reference

For a book, the first, full reference should include the following information in the order shown:

Name of author(s)

Title and (if any) subtitle

Name of editor, compiler, or translator, if any

Number or name of edition, if other than the first

Name of series in which book appears, if any, with volume or number in the series

Facts of publication, consisting of

Place of publication

Name of publishing agency

Date of publication

Page number(s) of the specific citation

In note reference, the elements above are separated by commas or, in the case of the facts of publication, parentheses. Note that the comma following the book title or the designation of edition is replaced by the opening parenthesis of the publication facts. The comma following the publication facts and preceding the page reference is retained, however. In bibliographies, the elements are separated by periods.

3. Arthur Waley, Chinese Poems (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1946), 51.

(Example, 8.86)

Related Topics


Shortened References

Reference to a work that has already been cited in full form, but not in a note immediately preceding, is made in one of two styles, here called method A and method B. Method A uses the author’s family name; title of book, chapter, or article (sometimes shortened); and specific page reference. Method B uses the author’s family name and a specific page reference and includes the title of the book, chapter, or article only when two or more works by the same author are cited. (8.88)

In both methods, for multiauthor works use the family name of each author up to three, and the first author’s name plus et al. for more than three. (8.89)

Subsequent references to articles, reviews, and other pieces published in periodicals may be shortened by omitting the periodical title and issue information and, if necessary, shortening the title of the piece. When no author is given, the title comes first. (8.111)

Related Topics


Journals: Full Reference

The first, full reference to an article includes, in general, the following facts in the order shown:

Author(s)

Title of article

Title of periodical

Volume or issue number (or both)

Publication date

Page number(s)

In note citations, these information elements are separated by commas, except that dates are closed in parentheses and a colon introduces the page reference. As with books, however, in bibliographic entries the elements are separated by periods. (8.99)

Article titles are put in quotation marks, and the titles of periodicals are italicized or underlined and capitalized headline style. (8.100)

2. W. Edmund Farrar, "Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries," Journal of Infectious Diseases 152 (December 1985): 1103.

Volume numbers and issue numbers are given in arabic numerals following the name of the journal. When the citation is to specific pages, no abbreviation precedes the volume number or the page numbers, but an issue number is preceded by no. The issue number is required only if issues are paginated separately rather than in sequence throughout the volume. The date of publication is enclosed in parentheses and follows the volume and any issue number--the month or season can generally be omitted if an issue number is given. (8.101)

Related Topics


Magazines

Magazines of general interest, even though they may carry volume numbers, are best identified by date alone.

4. Anne B. Fisher, "Ford Is Back on the Track," Fortune, 23 December 1985, 18.

Related Topics


Newspapers

For reference to a newspaper, the name of the paper and the date are sufficient; but many large metropolitan papers (especially Sunday editions) are made up of sections that are separately paginated. For these, section number (or letter), page number, and edition letter (often in uppercase) must be given. (8.105)

7. Tyler Marshall, "200th Birthday of Grimms Celebrated," Los Angeles Times, 15 March 1985, sec. 1A, p. 3.

If the name of an American newspaper does not include the city, add the city before the newspaper titled italicize or underline both. If the city is not widely known, give the state in parentheses. (8.106)

An initial the in the English language newspaper titles is omitted, but its equivalent in a foreign language is retained. (8.110)

Related Topics


Content Notes

Content (or substantive) notes explain or amplify the textual discussion and therefore resemble the text more closely than reference notes. The source of material may be worked into a sentence, or it may follow as a separate item. Whether the title is cited in full and whether the facts of publication are given depend on whether the source has been referred to in a previous note.

1. Detailed evidence of the great increase in the array of goods and services bought as income increases is shown in S. J. Prais and H. S. Houthaker, The Analysis of Family Budgets (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1955), table 5, 52.

2. Ernest Cassirer takes importance notice of this in Language and Myth (59-62) and offers a searching analysis of man’s regard for things on which his power of inspirited action may crucially depend.

3. In 1962 the premium income received by all voluntary health insurance organizations was $6.3 billion. Health Insurance Institute, Source Book of Health Insurance Data (New York: Health Insurance Institute, 1963), 36, 46.

Related Topics


Bibliography

The bibliography lists the sources used in writing the paper. Since a bibliography rarely includes everything that has been written on a given topic, a more accurate heading might be, for example, Selected Bibliography, Works Cited, or Sources Consulted. (9.2)

The simplest, most accessible, and most broadly useful type of bibliography is a single alphabetical list. If dividing sources into various categories seems more appropriate to the work, however, a classified bibliographical style may be used. For example, in a paper using manuscript sources as well as printed works, the two kinds of sources may be put in separate sections, with manuscripts arranged either by depository or by name of collection. (9.3)

The bibliography is single-spaced with one blank line between entries. The first line of each entry is flush left, and any runover lines are indented. (9.7)

Related Topics


Bibliography Entries

Bibliographies are usually arranged in alphabetical order by family names of authors. (9.9)

Where there are two or more authors' names, only the first is inverted, in order to alphabetize the item. (9.10)

Periods are used at the end of each main part: author's name, title of work, and facts of publication. (A single space should be left after each period.) Bibliographical references to periodicals, however, do use parentheses around dates of publication following volume numbers. (9.11)

Page numbers are listed only when the item is part of a whole work: a chapter in a book or an article in a periodical (9.12).

In a succession of works by the same author, the name is given for the first entry, and an eight-space line (the underscore key struck eight times) followed by a period takes its place in subsequent entries. The entries may be arranged alphabetically by title or chronologically. (9.27)

[Examples] (14.41)

Rosecrance, Richard, ed. The Dispersion of Nuclear Weapons Strategy and Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.

________. Problems of Nuclear Proliferation. UCLA Security Studies Project no. 7. Los Angeles: University of California, 1966.

Singer, David, Stuart Bremer, and John Stuckey. "Capability Distribution, Uncertainty, and Major Power War, 1820-1965." In Peace, War, and Numbers, ed. Bruce Russet, 193-206. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1972.

Related Topics


Using Turabian Formatting

The Turabian style guide helps you correctly format reports, term papers, theses, and dissertations. If you need to use Turabian style in your writing, refer to these topics for helpful hints, formatting techniques, examples, and other helpful information.

Acknowledgements

Appendix

Bibliography

Bibliography Entries

Blank or Copyright Page

Block Quotes

Books, Full References

Chapters

Content Notes

Dedication

Epigraph

Footnotes and Endnotes

Headline Style Capitalization

Introduction

Journals, Full References

List of Abbreviations

List of Illustrations

Line Spacing

Magazines

Newspapers

Page Numbering

Parts

Preface

Punctuation with Quotation Marks

Omissions and Ellipses

Sections and Subsections

Sentence Style Capitalization

Shortened References

Table of Contents

Title Page

Titles


Setting Up

If all your documents start with the same codes, you can add them to the Document Style. Click File [image]  Document.  Once you put the codes there, you won't have to add them to any future documents.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Page Size

Margins

Document Font

Justification

Page Numbering

Headers and Footers

Guidelines

Other Formats

Merge

Envelopes

Labels

HTML


Typing

When you need to move or change text, you can use the mouse to quickly select a block of text. Click where you want to start selecting text. Press the left mouse button, drag across the text, then release the mouse button.  To delete, press Delete. To move it, drag the selected text where you want it. To copy the text, press Ctrl while you release the mouse button.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Font

Insert Document

Tab Settings

Symbols

Heading Styles

Bullet/Numbers

Cross-References

Indexes

Table of Contents

Table of Authorities

Lists


Formatting

Formatting lets you change the layout of the text.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Tables

Columns

Outlines, Bullets, and Numbers

Line Spacing

Make It Fit

Guidelines


Tips on Overcoming Writer's Block

Almost every writer has experienced writer's block. Some common causes are feeling overwhelmed, feeling insecure, stress, and lack of experience with the topic.

But there are some simple ways to overcome it:

Organize the project into small tasks

Set reasonable goals

Remember past documents that were successful

Get some fresh air and exercise

Do some research

Read samples of good writing

Pretend you are writing to someone you admire


Speech: Tips on Writing a Speech

Determine the topic

To help determine the speech topic, you should analyze the audience and determine the goal.

Analyze the audience

To determine the topic you need to analyze the audience. Are they peers, friendly, critical, knowledgeable about the subject? What are their demographics: age, occupation, gender, etc.? Are you the only speaker, the first or last speaker, or part of a panel? How long should the speech be? Is there a question and answer session after? Are you speaking right after lunch? Finally, you should prepare a small paragraph about yourself to give to the person introducing you.

Determine the goal of the speech

There are different kinds of speeches: entertaining, informative, and persuasive. Depending on what you are trying to accomplish, pick the appropriate type of speech.

Research the topic

You will be more confident if you know the subject matter, especially if you are strongly interested in it. Use a lot of personal references. Based on your audience analysis, can you use popular media? What things does the audience have in common that you could use? What topics could offend the audience? Go to the library, interview subject-matter experts, and look for interesting facts and statistics. Good research increases your credibility.

Write the speech

A speech should tell a story, so it should have an opening, body, and closing. The beginning should be strong and grab the audience's attention. Tell a good joke or story if you are good at telling jokes. The opening should transition smoothly to the body. The opening could state the problem and the body can present the solutions. The closing should summarize the main points.

Make speaker notes

A speech is always more effective if it is memorized. Read the speech over and over and think of key phrases and words that trigger your memory. Use the phrases and words to create an outline.

Create visual aids

One way to keep the audience interested is to have visual aids and handouts. Of course the best way to keep the audience interested is a well-rehearsed, dynamic speech. Visual aids can range from a drawing on a chalkboard to a slide show. Whatever you use, keep it simple and make sure you have the necessary  equipment for a slide show or overhead transparencies.

Link to a Web Site for More Information

Click here to go to "The Speaker's Companion" web site.

NOTICE: THESE WEB SITES AND THEIR CONTENTS HAVE BEEN PREPARED BY INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTIES AND ARE NOT ENDORSED BY COREL. COREL DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY REGARDING THE CONTENT AND YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITES. YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITES MAY BE GOVERNED BY RESTRICTIONS OR GUIDELINES CONTAINED THEREIN.


Speech: Tips on Giving a Speech

Practice, practice, practice

Read your speech over and over. Read it in front of a mirror. Record your speech and make sure you are using a variety of intonations. Do you sound confident? Videotape yourself giving the speech, are you relaxed? Give the speech in front of a couple of friends. Did they understand your point? Ask them to critique.

Familiarize yourself with the location

Arrive early at the place where you will be giving your speech. Stand at the front of the room. Visualize the audience. Make sure that the necessary equipment for visual aids is there.

Be natural

Smile, speak slowly, and use natural gestures. Do not rock back and forth. You can keep a hand on the podium, but do not use it as a support. If there is no podium, keep one hand in a pocket and gesture with the other one. You want to have a conversation with the audience. Breathe through your nose to avoid cotton-mouth.

Remember what the audience does not see

The audience cannot see your rapidly beating heart or sweaty hands.

Keep eye contact

Maintain eye contact; even if you cannot see anyone, pretend you can. Think of the audience as a small group of friends you are talking with.


Letter Styles

Block Style

The block style letter, sometimes called full block, is typed with all lines at the left margin. Paragraphs are not indented.

Modified Block Style

The modified block places the date, closing, and the sender's name and title at the center of the page. Paragraphs may or may not be indented.

Simplified Style

The simplified style does not have the salutation or the complimentary closing. A subject line is typed below the inside address in all capital letters, this replaces the salutation. All lines begin at the left margin.


Punctuation of Letters

There are two styles of punctuation in business letters. In mixed punctuation, a colon is placed after the salutation and a comma is placed after the closing. In open punctuation style, there is no punctuation after the salutation or the closing.


Salutation Guidelines

Here are some sample salutations when you know the addressee's name and title:

Dear Mr. Jones:

Dear Brian: (or Dear Brian,)

Dear Mrs. Calhoun:

Dear Miss Smith:

Dear Ms. Brown:

Dear Dr. Webb:

Dear Professor Johnson:

Dear President Lark:

Dear Miss Compton and Mr. Santoro:

When you don't know the name, you can use these options:

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Gentlemen and Ladies:

Dear Sir or Madam:

Dear Madam or Sir:

Ladies: (all women)

Gentlemen: (all men)

Dear Colleagues:

Dear Friends:

Dear Members of the Council:

Dear Landowners:

Avoid sexist greetings, like Dear Sirs. If you don't know the person's gender, omit the gender title (Dear A. B. Cooper), or use the Simplified Letter Style, which omits the salutation.


Writing Good Letters

Letters are one of the principal forms of business communication. Letters give an impression to the reader, which might make the difference between gaining and losing a client, customer, or friend. There are some simple ways to ensure that you write a good letter:

Include the most important points at the beginning of the letter

Refer to previous conversations, meetings, or documents after the important points

Organize the letter logically and clearly

Be concise, if you have additional information, include it in attachments

Emphasize key ideas

Avoid cliches

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Letter Writing Tips

Letter Styles

Punctuation

Salutations

Signature Blocks

Abbreviations

Australian State Abbreviations

Canadian Province Abbreviations

UK Post Towns

UK Postal Information

US State Abbreviations

Merging Letters

Related Concepts


Signature Blocks

The signature block consists of the following: handwritten signature of the writer, typed name of the writer, title of the writer, and company name (optional).

Signature Block Guidelines

The company name appears below the typed name.

The title can appear below the typed name. The company name would appear under the title.

The title can also appear after the typed name, separated with a comma, like Bob Smith, Manager.

If the letter requires two signature blocks, you can put one at the left margin and the other on the center margin.  You can also put the second one under the first one.

If you are signing someone else's name, sign the name and then your initials in parentheses.

Academic, military, and professional titles should appear in the typewritten signatures.

If the first name or initials could be a man's or a women's name, include the courtesy title (Mr., Mrs., or Ms.).

Related Concepts


Newsletter

You can use newsletters in a variety of settings: family, business, academic, social, and much more. Every newsletter's purpose is to convey new information and keep everyone up to date.

Save your work often!

When you have finished your newsletter, be sure to check it carefully for proper formatting, spelling, and grammar.

You can print the newsletter to make copies, electronically mail it to others, and even publish it in HTML or Corel Barista for display on the World Wide Web.

Designing Newsletters

Adding Clipart, photographs, and watermarks can help your newsletter look more professional and interesting, as well as help you reinforce the points in the text.

Use data charts to explain statistical and mathematical data graphically and much more clearly than trying to convey the same information in words.

Choose one of these predesigned newsletters, or create your own look with columns, borders, fill, justification, and fonts. Remember to keep the layout simple and uncluttered. Use a light fill or none under the body text of the newsletter for easy reading.

Choose a clear, readable font and justification for the body text of the newsletter. This is where you type in the actual information the newsletter is meant to convey. You can also add larger, graphic letters (called drop caps) to the start of each article and section.

Here are a few suggestions for items you can include in your newsletter:

Date. Add a date to let your readers know the publication date of the newsletter. The date can be text you type in yourself or a code that automatically updates itself every time you open, print, and save the newsletter. You can also add a date for the issue that tells readers which time period the newsletter applies to, for example, "May-June" or "July 14-21."

Main headlines. Choose a font and justification for your main headlines, then apply the main headline style to each article's title. Main headlines should be quite bold and noticeable. You can also include main headlines in the table of contents.

Minor headlines. Choose a font and justification for your minor headlines, then apply the minor headline style to each article's section titles. Minor headlines should be less conspicuous than main headlines, but more obvious than the rest of the body text. You can also include minor headlines in the table of contents.

Subtitle. Add a subtitle to the newsletter if you need to explain the title further. The subtitle can also be a motto, slogan, or special note that applies to this issue or to all issues.

Table of contents. Add a table of contents listing the main headlines contained in the newspaper. This is especially helpful when the newsletter is several pages long. Of course, if you have a table of contents, you should also choose a page-numbering option to help your readers find what they are looking for.

Title. Add a title to the newsletter to let everyone know what it is about and who its audience is. Use a larger font and bold lettering to make the title stand out. You can also use TextArt to color, contour, and reshape the title for added emphasis and effect.


Canadian Province Abbreviations

AB	Alberta
BC	British Columbia
LB	Labrador
MB	Manitoba
NB	New Brunswick
NF	Newfoundland
NS	Nova Scotia
NT	Northwest Territories
ON	Ontario
PEI	Prince Edward Island
PQ	Quebec
SK	Saskatchewan
YT	Yukon Territory
Related Concepts


Australian State Abbreviations

ACT	Australian Capital Territory
NSW	New South Wales
NT	Northern Territory
QLD	Queensland
SA	South Australia
TAS	Tasmania
VIC	Victoria
WA	Western Australia
Related Concepts


United Kingdom: Postal Information

A correct postal address normally consists of the following six lines:

Name of addressee

Number of house, name of street

Locality name (where required)

POST TOWN (in block capitals)

County Name (where required)

Postcode

Related Concepts


United Kingdom: Post Towns Where No County Name Is Required

In the case of the following Post Towns, no county name is required as part of the address:

Aberdeen

Antrim

Armagh

Ayr

Banff

Bath

Bedford

Belfast

Berwick-upon-Tweed

Birmingham

Blackburn

Blackpool

Bolton

Bournemouth

Brighton

Bristol

Bromley

Buckingham

Cambridge

Cardiff

Carlisle

Chelmsford

Chester

Clackmannan

Colchester

Coventry

Crewe

Croydon

Dartford

Derby

Dumbarton

Dumfries

Dundee

Durham

Edinburgh

Exeter

Falkirk

Glasgow

Gloucester

Hereford

Hertford

Hounslow

Huddersfield

Hull

Inverness

Ipswich

Isles of Benbecula

Canna

Coll

Colonsay

Eigg

Gigha

Iona

Lewis

Mull

Rhum

Scalpay

Skye

Kinross

Kirkcudbright

Lanark

Lancaster

Leeds

Leicester

Lincoln

Liverpool

Londonderry

Luton

Manchester

Milton Keynes

Nairn

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

Northampton

Norwich

Nottingham

Oldham

Oxford

Peebles

Perth

Peterborough

Plymouth

Portsmouth

Preston

Reading

Redhill

Renfrew

Romford

Salford

Salisbury

Selkirk

Sheffield

Shrewsbury

Slough

Southampton

Southend-on-Sea

South Wirral

Stafford

Stirling

Stoke-on-Trent

Sunderland

Swansea

Swindon

Torquay

Twickenham

Walsall

Warwick

Warrington

Watford

Wolverhampton

Worcester

York

Related Concepts


Different Types of Resumes

There are two basic types of resumes: chronological and functional. Chronological highlights work history and functional highlights work experience and qualifications. Create a functional resume if you have a broken employment record, or if you want to minimize your work history and highlight your qualifications. You can create a combination of both. If you are creating a chronological resume, include sections for Education and Job Experience. If you are creating a functional resume, include sections for Education, Training, Related Experience, and so on.


Action Verbs for Resumes

Here are some samples of actions verbs to use when describing past positions or objectives:

accelerate

achieve

advance

attain

automate

build

challenge

communicate

conduct

consolidate

contribute

create

delegate

devise

distribute

direct

elect

establish

expedite

finance

implement

increase

initiate

interpret

isolate

lead

manage

maximize

minimize

monitor

organize

persuade

pioneer

present

publish

reduce

reorganize

restore

reverse

set up

sign

streamline

train

upgrade

utilize


Resume Web Sites

For more information about finding employment, try these Internet sites:

America's Employers(tm)

CareerMosaic(r)

CareerPath.com

NOTICE: THESE WEB SITES AND THEIR CONTENTS HAVE BEEN PREPARED BY INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTIES AND ARE NOT ENDORSED BY COREL. COREL DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY REGARDING THE CONTENT AND YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITES. YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITES MAY BE GOVERNED BY RESTRICTIONS OR GUIDELINES CONTAINED THEREIN.


Envelopes

Remember these hints as you address envelopes:

Post Office readers are programmed to scan a specific area of the envelope (the lower-right). The address must be completely within this zone.

Use two-letter state/province abbreviations in the address.

The US Postal Service prefers capital letters and no punctuation in addresses.

For more information, choose the following Help topics:

Creating Envelopes

Merging Envelopes

Australian State Abbreviations

Canadian Province Abbreviations

UK Post Towns

UK Postal Information

US State Abbreviations


Internet Publisher

Most documents published on the World Wide Web are written in HyperText Markup Language (HTML). Corel WordPerfect Internet Publisher converts Corel WordPerfect formatting into HTML format, so you do not need to know HTML to create documents for the World Wide Web.

For more information about HTML and creating Web pages, try these Internet sites:

HTML Starter Kit

How to Create Your Own Professional Web Page

NOTICE: THESE WEB SITES AND THEIR CONTENTS HAVE BEEN PREPARED BY INDEPENDENT THIRD PARTIES AND ARE NOT ENDORSED BY COREL. COREL DISCLAIMS ALL LIABILITY REGARDING THE CONTENT AND YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITES. YOUR USE OF THE WEB SITES MAY BE GOVERNED BY RESTRICTIONS OR GUIDELINES CONTAINED THEREIN.

For more information about Internet Publisher, open the following WordPerfect Help topic:

Internet Publisher


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     Canada

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     Australia

     1-300-6515 25

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     0 800 44 66 88

     United Kingdom

     0800 616244

     International

     44 1455 611133

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